Te whakarite me te whakamahi i te waikawa acetic glacial
Waikawa acetic, ka kiia hokiwaikawa ahetiki, waikawa ahetiki hukapapa, tātai matūCH3COOH, he waikawa monic waro me te waikawa ngako kukū-poto, koinei te puna o te waikawa me te kakara o te winika. I raro i nga ahuatanga noa, ka kiia ko "waikawa ahetiki“, engari ko te waikawa acettic parakore me te tata anhydrous (iti iho i te 1% te ihirangi wai) ka kiia ko “waikawa ahetiki hukapapa“, he totoka hygroscopic kore tae me te ira mīti o te 16 ki te 17° C (62° F), a, i muri i te whakamaroketanga, he karaihe kore. Ahakoa he waikawa ngoikore te waikawa ahetiki, he waikura, he whakapouri i ona kohu ki nga kanohi me te ihu, ka hongi he kawa, kawa.
hītori
Ko te hiahia o te ao mo ia tauwaikawa ahetiki he 6.5 miriona taranata. Mai i tenei, tata ki te 1.5 miriona taranata ka hangarua, ko te toenga e 5 miriona taranata ka mahia tika mai i nga kai hinuhinu, ma te FERMENTATION koiora ranei.
Ko tewaikawa ahetiki hukapapa Ka kitea nga huakita whakawhero (Acetobacter) ki nga kokonga katoa o te ao, kare e kore ka kitea e ia iwi te winika i te wa e hanga waina ana - he hua maori o enei inu waipiro e pa ana ki te hau. Hei tauira, i Haina, he whakatauki i whiwhi winika te tama a Du Kang, a Black Tower, no te mea he roa rawa tana mahi waina.
Te whakamahi owaikawa ahetiki hukapapai roto i te matū ka hoki mai ki nga wa onamata. I te rautau 3 BC, i whakaahuahia e te tohunga tohunga Kariki a Theophrastus me pehea te urupare a te waikawa acettic ki nga konganuku hei whakaputa i nga poaka e whakamahia ana i roto i nga mahi toi, tae atu ki te mata ma (te waro waro waro) me te patina (he ranunga o nga tai parahi tae atu ki te acetate parahi). I kohuatia e nga Roma onamata te waina kawa ki roto i nga ipu mata hei whakaputa i te tirikara tino reka e kiia nei ko te sapa. he nui te sapa ki te huka tiihi kakara reka, te acetate mata, i mate paihana ai te mata ki waenga i nga rangatira o Roma. I te rautau 8, na te kaiparapara Pahia a Jaber i whakakorikori te waikawa acetic ki roto i te winika ma te whakamaroke.
I te tau 1847, ka whakahiatotia e te kaiputaiao Tiamana a Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe te waikawa acetic mai i nga rawa parakore mo te wa tuatahi. Ko te tukanga o tenei tauhohenga ko te waro disulfide tuatahi na roto i te whakamaarama ki te tetrachloride waro, ka whai i te whakamaarama teitei o te tetrachlorethylene i muri i te hauwai, me te chlorination, na reira ka puta te waikawa trichloroacetic, ko te taahiraa whakamutunga ma te whakaheke hiko ki te whakaputa waikawa acetic.
I te tau 1910, ko te nuinga o ngawaikawa ahetiki hukapapa i tangohia mai i te waro tar mai i te rakau retorted. Tuatahi, ka tukuna te waro tar ki te konupūmā waihā, kātahi ka whakakawatia te konupūmā acetate ki te waikawa pungatara kia whiwhi waikawa acetate i roto. Tata ki te 10,000 tone o te waikawa acetic glacial i hangaia i Tiamana i tenei waa, 30% o enei i whakamahia hei hanga waikano indigo.
whakarite
Te waikawa acetic glacial ka taea te whakarite ma te whakahiato horihori me te FERMENTATION huakita. I tenei ra, ko te biosynthesis, te whakamahi i te fermentation huakita, he 10% noa iho o te katoa o nga mahi o te ao, engari ko te tikanga tino nui tonu mo te whakaputa winika, na te mea ko nga ture haumaru kai i roto i nga whenua maha e kii ana kia rite te winika i roto i nga kai ma te koiora. 75% owaikawa ahetiki mo te whakamahi ahumahi ka puta mai i te waro o te methanol. Ko nga waahanga watea ka whakahiatohia e etahi atu tikanga.
whakamahi
Te waikawa acetic glacial he waikawa warohiko ngawari, he kotahi te roopu methyl me te roopu warohiko kotahi, a he reagent matū nui. I roto i te ahumahi matū, ka whakamahia hei hanga i te polyethylene terephthalate, te waahanga matua o nga ipu inu.Te waikawa acetic glacial ka whakamahia hoki ki te hanga cellulose acetate mo te kiriata me te polyvinyl acetate mo te whakapiri rakau, me te maha o nga muka me nga papanga. I roto i te kainga, waimeha wairewa o waikawa ahetiki hukapapahe maha nga wa e whakamahia ana hei kaihoko whakaheke. I roto i te ahumahi kai, ko te waikawa acetic kua tohua hei kaiwhakahaere waikawa i roto i te rarangi taapiri kai E260.
Te waikawa acetic glacialKo te reagent matū taketake e whakamahia ana i roto i te takahanga o nga pūhui maha. Ko te whakamahi kotahi o waikawa ahetiki Ko te whakaritenga o te vinyl acetate monomer, ka whai i te whakaritenga o te acetic anhydride me etahi atu esters. Ko tewaikawa ahetiki i roto i te winika he hautanga iti noa ihowaikawa ahetiki hukapapa.
Ka whakamahia ano te wairewa waikawa ahetiki kua wairewa hei tango waikura na te mea he ngawari te kawatanga. Ka whakamahia ano te waikawa ki te rongoa i nga wero na Cubomedusae, a, ki te whakamahia i te waa, ka taea te aukati i te whara kino, te mate ranei ma te whakakore i nga pūtau wero o te tiēre. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakarite mo te maimoatanga o te otitis externa me Vosol.Waikawa acetic ka whakamahia ano he rongoa rehu hei aukati i te tipu o te huakita me te harore.
Te wa tuku: Mei-28-2024